Papua New Guinea, formally the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an Oceanian nation that possesses the eastern portion of the island of New Guinea and its seaward islands in Melanesia, a district of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia. Its capital, situated along its southeastern coast, is Port Moresby. The western portion of New Guinea frames the Indonesian areas of Papua and West Papua. At the national dimension, subsequent to being ruled by three outside forces since 1884, Papua New Guinea set up its power in 1975. This pursued about 60 years of Australian organization, which began amid World War I. It turned into an autonomous Commonwealth domain in 1975 with Elizabeth II as its ruler. It likewise turned into an individual from the Commonwealth of Nations in its very own right. Papua New Guinea is a standout amongst the most socially various nations on the planet. It is likewise a standout amongst the most country, as just 18 percent of its kin live in urban focuses. There are 852 known dialects in the nation, of which 12 presently have no known living speakers. The greater part of the number of inhabitants in excess of 8 million individuals lives in standard networks, which are as various as the dialects. The nation is one of the world's least investigated, socially and topographically. It is known to have various gatherings of uncontacted people groups, and scientists accept there are numerous unfamiliar types of plants and creatures in the inside.

Port Moresby is the capital and biggest city of Papua New Guinea and the biggest city in the South Pacific outside of Australia and New Zealand. It is situated on the shores of the Gulf of Papua, on the south-western bank of the Papuan Peninsula of the island of New Guinea. The city developed as an exchange focus the second 50% of the nineteenth century. Amid World War II it was a prime goal for success by the Imperial Japanese powers amid 1942– 43 as an arranging point and air base to cut off Australia from Southeast Asia and the Americas. Albeit Port Moresby is encompassed by Central Province, of which it is likewise the capital, it isn't a piece of that territory, however shapes the National Capital District.

Dendrobium is a class of for the most part epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is an enormous family containing in excess of 1,800 species that are found in different living spaces all through quite a bit of south, east and southeast Asia, including China, Japan, India, the Philippines, Indonesia, Australia, New Guinea, Vietnam and a considerable lot of the islands of the Pacific. Dendrobium species are for the most part epiphytic, or lithophytic despite the fact that a couple of animal types are earthly. They are sympodial herbs with tube shaped roots more often than not emerging from the base of a pseudobulb. The pseudobulbs, when present, are hard, once in a while stick like, round and hollow or cone-molded and pretty much secured with the bases of the leaves. There are from one to numerous leaves organized in two positions, the leaves differing fit as a fiddle from direct to elongated, now and again round and hollow however never diverted or furrowed. They are normally any longer than wide and keep going for just a solitary season. Among one and countless or non-resupinate blossoms are organized along an unbranched blooming stem and might be short or enduring. The blooms might be white, green, yellow, or pink to purple, regularly with contasting hues in the labellum. The sepals and petals are generally free from and pretty much like one another however particularly not the same as the labellum. The labellum is pretty much egg-formed, with the smaller end towards the base and flanks the section. There is frequently a callus comprising of limited, parallel edges, in the focal point of the labellum.

The Raggiana Bird of Paradise (Paradisaea raggiana), otherwise called Count Raggi's bird-of-paradise, is a huge bird in the bird-of-paradise family Paradisaeidae. It is conveyed broadly in southern and northeastern New Guinea, where its name is kumul. It is otherwise called cenderawasih. The Raggiana bird-of-paradise is the national bird of Papua New Guinea. In 1971 this species, as Gerrus paradisaea, was made the national seal and was incorporated on the national banner. The Raggiana bird-of-paradise is 34 centimeters (13 in) long. Its general shading is a maroon-dark colored, with a grayish-blue bill, yellow iris and grayish-darker feet. The male has a yellow crown, dull emerald-green throat and yellow neckline between the throat and its blackish upper bosom quills. It is decorated with a couple of long dark tail wires and enormous flank tufts. The male has the long tail quill while the female does not. The female is a nearly boring maroonish-dark colored bird. The decorative flank tufts differ from red to orange in shading, contingent upon subspecies. The choose subspecies, P. r. raggiana, has the most profound red crest, while the subspecies P. r. augustavictoriae of upper east New Guinea, otherwise called the Empress of Germany's bird of paradise, has apricot-orange crest.

The Dugong is a medium-sized marine well evolved creature. It is one of four living types of the request Sirenia, which additionally incorporates three types of manatees. It is the main living agent of the once-differing family Dugongidae; its nearest current relative, Steller's ocean dairy animals (Hydrodamalis gigas), was chased to elimination in the eighteenth century. The dugong is the main carefully herbivorous marine warm blooded creature. The dugong is the main sirenian in its range, which traverses the waters of around 40 nations and regions all through the Indo-West Pacific. The dugong is to a great extent subject to seagrass networks for subsistence and is along these lines confined to the waterfront natural surroundings which bolster seagrass glades, with the biggest dugong fixations normally happening in wide, shallow, secured territories, for example, bayous, mangrove channels, the waters of enormous inshore islands and between reefal waters. Like every cutting edge sirenian, the dugong has a fusiform body with no dorsal balance or rear appendages. The forelimbs or flippers are paddle-like. The dugong is effectively recognized from the manatees by its fluked, dolphin-like tail, yet in addition has a remarkable skull and teeth. Its nose is strongly downturned, an adjustment for bolstering in benthic seagrass networks. The molar teeth are straightforward and peg-like not at all like the more intricate molar dentition of manatees. The dugong has been chased for a huge number of years for its meat and oil. Conventional chasing still has incredible social centrality in a few nations in its advanced range, especially northern Australia and the Pacific Islands.