Norway, authoritatively the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic nation in Northwestern Europe whose region contains the western and northernmost segment of the Scandinavian Peninsula; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are likewise part of the Kingdom of Norway. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are reliant domains and in this way not thought about piece of the kingdom. Norway additionally makes a case for an area of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. The nation imparts a long eastern outskirt to Sweden (1,619 km or 1,006 mi long). Norway is circumscribed by Finland and Russia toward the north-east, and the Skagerrak strait toward the south, with Denmark on the opposite side. Norway has a broad coastline, confronting the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. A unitary sovereign state with a sacred government, Norway isolates state control between the parliament, the bureau and the incomparable court, as controlled by the 1814 constitution. The kingdom was set up in 872 as a merger of an expansive number of frivolous kingdoms and has existed consistently for a long time. From 1537 to 1814, Norway was a piece of the Kingdom of Denmark-Norway, and from 1814 to 1905, it was in an individual association with the Kingdom of Sweden. Norway was unbiased amid the First World War. Norway stayed impartial until April 1940 when the nation was attacked and involved by Germany until the finish of Second World War. Norway has both regulatory and political subdivisions on two dimensions: provinces and districts. Norway keeps up the Nordic welfare model with all inclusive human services and a complete government disability framework, and its qualities are established in populist standards. The Norwegian state has huge proprietorship positions in key modern parts, having broad stores of oil, petroleum gas, minerals, wood, fish, and crisp water.

Oslo is the capital and most crowded city of Norway. It comprises both an area and a district. Established in the year 1040 as Ánslo, and built up as a kaupstad or exchanging place 1048 by Harald Hardrada, the city was raised to a ministerial office in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V of Norway around 1300. Individual associations with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 decreased its impact, and with Sweden from 1814 to 1905 it worked as a co-official capital. Subsequent to being annihilated by a flame in 1624, amid the rule of King Christian IV, another city was constructed nearer to Akershus Fortress and named Christiania in the lord's respect. It was built up as a district (formannskapsdistrikt) on 1 January 1838. The city's name was spelled Kristiania somewhere in the range of 1877 and 1897 by state and civil experts. In 1925 the city was renamed Oslo. Oslo is the monetary and administrative focal point of Norway. The city is additionally a center point of Norwegian exchange, banking, industry and transportation. It is a significant community for sea ventures and sea exchange Europe. The city is home to numerous organizations inside the oceanic division, some of which are among the world's biggest transportation organizations, shipbrokers and sea protection merchants. Oslo is viewed as a worldwide city and was positioned "Beta World City".

Purple Heather (Calluna vulgaris) is the sole species in the variety Calluna in the blossoming plant family Ericaceae. It is the prevailing plant in most heathland and moorland in Europe, and in some swamp vegetation and acidic pine and oak forest. It is tolerant of nibbling and recovers following infrequent consuming, and is regularly overseen in nature saves and grouse secures by sheep or dairy cattle eating, and furthermore by light consuming. Calluna has little scale-leaves (under 2– 3 mm long) borne in inverse and decussate sets, while those of Erica are commonly bigger and in whorls of 3-4, some of the time 5. The blooms rise in pre-fall; in wild plants these are regularly mauve, yet white-blossomed plants additionally happen once in a while. They are terminal in racemes with sepal-like bracts at the base with a predominant ovary, the natural product a container.

The White-throated dipper (Cinclus cinclus), otherwise called the European scoop or just scoop, is an amphibian passerine flying creature found in Europe, Middle East, Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent. The species is separated into a few subspecies, in light of on shading contrasts, especially of the pectoral band. The white-throated scoop is around 18 centimeters (7.1 in) long, round and short followed. The leader of the grown-up (gularis and aquaticus) is dark colored, the back slate-dim mottled with dark, looking dark from a separation, and the wings and tail are darker. The throat and upper bosom are white, trailed by a band of warm chestnut which converges into dark on the stomach and flanks. The bill is practically dark, the legs and irides darker. Cinclus has a dark paunch band. The youthful are grayish darker and have no chestnut band.

Lion (Panthera leo ) is an animal groups in the family Felidae; it is a strong, profound chested feline with a short, adjusted head, a diminished neck and round ears, and a shaggy tuft toward the finish of its tail. The lion is explicitly dimorphic; guys are bigger than females with an average weight scope of 150 to 250 kg (330 to 550 lb) for guys and 120 to 182 kg (265 to 400 lb) for females. Male lions have a conspicuous mane, which is the most unmistakable component of the species. A lion pride comprises of a couple of grown-up guys, related females and offspring. Gatherings of female lions commonly chase together, preying generally on substantial ungulates. The species is a pinnacle and cornerstone predator, despite the fact that they search when openings happen. Commonly, the lion occupies prairies and savannas however is missing in thick timberlands. It is normally more diurnal than other huge felines, yet when oppressed it adjusts to being dynamic during the evening and at dusk. In the Pleistocene, the lion went all through Eurasia, Africa and North America yet today it has been diminished to divided populaces in Sub-Saharan Africa and one fundamentally imperiled populace in western India. A standout amongst the most generally perceived creature images in human culture, the lion has been widely delineated in figures and artworks, on national banners, and in contemporary movies and writing. Lions have been kept in zoos since the season of the Roman Empire and have been a key animal varieties looked for presentation in zoological gardens over the world since the late eighteenth century. Social portrayals of lions were unmistakable in the Upper Paleolithic time frame; carvings and compositions from the Lascaux and Chauvet Caves in France have been dated to 17,000 years back, and delineations have happened in for all intents and purposes all old and medieval societies that matched with the lion's previous and current reaches. The lion's name, which is comparative in many Romance dialects, is gotten from Latin: leo.