Somalia, formally the Federal Republic of Somalia, is a nation with its region situated in the Horn of Africa. It is circumscribed by Ethiopia toward the west, Djibouti and Somaliland toward the northwest, the Gulf of Aden toward the north, the Guardafui Channel and Somali Sea toward the east, and Kenya toward the southwest. It is isolated from Socotra by the Guardafui Channel in the upper east and from the Seychelles by the Somali Sea. Somalia has the longest coastline on Africa's territory, and its landscape comprises for the most part of levels, fields and good countries. Climatically, hot conditions win all year, with occasional rainstorm winds and sporadic precipitation. In classical times, Somalia was a significant business focus. It is among the most plausible areas of the mythical old Land of Punt. Amid the Middle Ages, a few incredible Somali domains ruled the provincial exchange, including the Ajuran Empire, the Adal Sultanate, the Warsangali Sultanate, and the Sultanate of the Geledi. The toponym Somalia was authored by the Italian adventurer Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti (1855– 1926). In the late nineteenth century, through a progression of settlements with these kingdoms, the British and Italian realms dealt with parts of the coast and built up the provinces of British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland. In the inside, Mohammed Abdullah Hassan's Darwiish repulsed the British Empire multiple times and constrained it to withdraw to the beach front district, before surrendering to overcome in 1920 by British air control. Italy obtained full control of the northeastern, focal and southern pieces of the territory after effectively pursuing the alleged Campaign of the Sultanates against the decision Majeerteen Sultanate and Sultanate of Hobyo. Italian occupation went on until 1941, respecting British military organization (BMAS). English Somaliland would remain a protectorate, while Italian Somaliland in 1949 turned into a United Nations Trusteeship under Italian organization, the Trust Territory of Somaliland. In 1960, the two areas joined to shape the free Somali Republic under a regular citizen government.

Mogadishu, privately known as Xamar or Hamar, is the capital and most crowded city of Somalia. Situated in the beach front Banadir area on the Somali Sea, the city has filled in as a significant port for centuries. Mogadishu is the closest outside terrain city to Seychelles, at a separation of 835 mi (1,344 km) over the Somali Sea. As Somalia's capital city, numerous significant national establishments are situated in Mogadishu. It is the seat of the Federal Government of Somalia built up in August 2012, with the Somalia Federal Parliament filling in as the administration's authoritative branch. The area itself is coextensive with the city and is a lot littler than the authentic region of Benadir. The city is authoritatively isolated into the locale of Abdiaziz, Bondhere, Daynile, Dharkenley, Hamar-Jajab, Hamar-Weyne, Heliwa, Hodan, Howl-Wadag, Karan, Shangani, Shibis, Waberi, Wadajir, Wardhigley and Yaqshid.

Protea cynaroides, the king protea, is a flowering plant. It is a distinctive member of Protea, having the largest flower head in the genus. The species is also known as giant protea, honeypot or king sugar bush. It is widely distributed in the southwestern and southern parts of South Africa in the fynbos region. The king protea has several colour forms and horticulturists have recognized 81 garden varieties, some of which have injudiciously been planted in its natural range. In some varieties the pink of the flower and red borders of leaves are replaced by a creamy yellow. This unusual flower has a long vase life in flower arrangements, and makes for an excellent dried flower. Protea cynaroides is adapted to survive wildfires by its thick underground stem, which contains many dormant buds; these will produce the new growth after the fire. P. cynaroides is a woody shrub with thick stems and large dark green, glossy leaves. Most plants are one metre in height when mature, but may vary according to locality and habitat from 0.35 to 2 metres (1 ft 2 in to 6 ft 7 in) in height. The "flowers" of P. cynaroides are actually composite flower heads (termed an inflorescence) with a collection of flowers in the centre, surrounded by large colourful bracts, from about 120 to 300 millimetres (5 to 12 in) in diameter. Large, vigorous plants produce six to ten flower heads in one season, although some exceptional plants can produce up to forty flower heads on one plant. The colour of the bracts varies from a creamy white to a deep crimson, but the soft pale pink bracts with a silvery sheen are the most prized.

The African leopard (Panthera pardus pardus) is the leopard assign subspecies local to numerous nations in Africa. It is generally circulated in the vast majority of sub-Saharan Africa, yet the chronicled range has been divided over the span of natural surroundings change. Panthers have been recorded in North Africa too. The African panther shows incredible variety in coat shading, contingent upon area and natural surroundings. Coat shading shifts from light yellow to profound gold or brownish, and some of the time dark, and is designed with dark rosettes while the head, lower appendages and paunch are spotted with strong dark. Male panthers are bigger, averaging 60 kg (130 lb) with 91 kg (201 lb) being the greatest weight achieved by a male. Females weigh around 35 to 40 kg (77 to 88 lb) overall. The African panther is explicitly dimorphic; guys are bigger and heavier than females.