Jordan, authoritatively the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab nation in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River. Jordan is flanked by Saudi Arabia toward the south, Iraq toward the north-east, Syria toward the north and Israel and Palestine (West Bank) toward the west. The Dead Sea is situated along its western fringes and the nation has a little coastline to the Red Sea in its outrageous south-west, however is generally landlocked. Jordan is deliberately situated at the intersection of Asia, Africa and Europe. The capital, Amman, is Jordan's most crowded city just as the nation's financial, political and social focus. Jordan has been possessed by people since the Paleolithic time frame. Three stable kingdoms developed there toward the finish of the Bronze Age: Ammon, Moab and Edom. Later rulers incorporate the Nabataean Kingdom, the Roman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire. After the Great Arab Revolt against the Ottomans in 1916 amid World War I, the Ottoman Empire was apportioned by Britain and France. The Emirate of Transjordan was set up in 1921 by the Hashemite, at that point Emir, Abdullah I, and the emirate turned into a British protectorate. In 1946, Jordan turned into a free state authoritatively known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan, however was renamed in 1949 to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan after the nation caught the West Bank amid the 1948 Arab– Israeli War and attached it until it was lost to Israel in 1967. Jordan repudiated its case to the region in 1988, and ended up one of two Arab states to sign a harmony settlement with Israel in 1994. Jordan is a moderately little, semi-bone-dry, practically landlocked nation with a territory of 89,342 km2 (34,495 sq mi).

Amman is the capital and most crowded city of Jordan, and the nation's financial, political and social focus. Arranged in north-focal Jordan, Amman is the authoritative focal point of the Amman Governorate. The city has a populace of 4,007,526 and a land zone of 1,680 square kilometers (648.7 square miles). Amman is viewed as among the most modernized Arab urban areas. It is a noteworthy traveler goal in the locale, especially among Arab and European visitors. The most punctual proof of settlement in Amman is in a Neolithic site known as 'Ain Ghazal, where probably the most seasoned human statues at any point discovered dating to 7250 BC were revealed. Amid the Iron Age, the city was known as Ammon, home to the Kingdom of the Ammonites. It was named Philadelphia amid its Greek and Roman periods, and was at long last called Amman amid the Islamic time frame. Deserted for a great part of the medieval and post-medieval period, current Amman dates to the late nineteenth century when Circassian outsiders were settled there by the Ottoman Empire in 1867. The main city board was built up in 1909. Amman saw fast development after its assignment as Jordan's capital in 1921.

Iris nigricans is a blooming plant in the family Iridaceae. It is the national bloom of Jordan. The blooms are blackish-purple and 12– 15 centimeters (4.7– 5.9 in) in width, and the plants are 35 cm (14 in) tall with recurved leaves. It needs direct sun and sharp seepage. It is endemic to Jordan and is a jeopardized species. There are 8 different irises local to Jordan, and the greater part of these are likewise jeopardized. The dark species are some of the time mistaken for Iris nigricans.

The Sinai rosefinch (Carpodacus synoicus) is a types of finch in the family Fringillidae. It is found in Egypt, Israel, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. Its common living space is hot deserts. The pale rosefinch is now and again thought about a subspecies. It is the national winged creature of Jordan.

The Arabian oryx or white (Oryx leucoryx) is a medium-sized gazelle with an unmistakable shoulder knock, long, straight horns, and a tufted tail. It is a bovid, and the littlest individual from the sort Oryx, local to leave and steppe territories of the Arabian Peninsula. The Arabian oryx was terminated in the wild by the mid 1970s, yet was spared in zoos and private jelly, and was reintroduced into the wild beginning in 1980. An Arabian oryx remains around 1 m (39 in) high at the shoulder and weighs around 70 kg (150 lb). Its jacket is a practically iridescent white, the undersides and legs are darker, and dark stripes happen where the head meet the neck, on the forehead, on the nose, and going starting from the horn over the eye to the mouth. Both genders have long, straight or somewhat bended, ringed horns which are 50 to 75 cm (20 to 30 in) long. Arabian oryx rest amid the warmth of the day and can distinguish precipitation and move towards it, which means they have colossal reaches; a group in Oman can extend more than 3,000 km2 (1,200 sq mi). Crowds are of blended sex and for the most part contain somewhere in the range of two and 15 creatures, however groups up to 100 have been reported. Arabian oryx are commonly not forceful toward each other, which enables groups to exist gently for some time.