Uzbekistan, formally the Republic of Uzbekistan, is a landlocked nation in Central Asia. The sovereign state is a mainstream, unitary established republic, including 12 territories, one self-sufficient republic, and a capital city. Uzbekistan is flanked by five landlocked nations: Kazakhstan toward the north; Kyrgyzstan toward the upper east; Tajikistan toward the southeast; Afghanistan toward the south; and Turkmenistan toward the southwest. Alongside Liechtenstein, it is one of the world's solitary two doubly landlocked nations (for example sharing outskirts just with other landlocked nations). What is presently Uzbekistan was in antiquated occasions some portion of the Iranian-talking area of Transoxiana and Turan. The primary recorded pilgrims were Eastern Iranian migrants, known as Scythians, who established kingdoms in Khwarezm (8th– sixth hundreds of years BC), Bactria (8th– sixth hundreds of years BC), Sogdia (8th– sixth hundreds of years BC), Fergana (third century BC – sixth century AD), and Margiana (third century BC – sixth century AD). The territory was consolidated into the Persian Empire and, after a time of Macedonian Greek principle, was controlled by the Persian Parthian Empire and later by the Sasanian Empire, until the Muslim victory of Persia in the seventh century. The Muslim success in the seventh century changed over most of the populace, including the neighborhood administering classes, into followers of Islam. Amid this period, urban communities, for example, Samarkand, Khiva and Bukhara started to develop rich from the Silk Road. The neighborhood Khwarezmian administration, and Central Asia all in all, were demolished by the Mongol intrusion in the thirteenth century. After the Mongol Conquests, the region turned out to be progressively overwhelmed by Turkic people groups. The city of Shahrisabz was the origination of the Turco-Mongol warlord Timur, otherwise called one of Genghis Khan's grandkids, who in the fourteenth century set up the Timurid Empire and was announced the Supreme Emir of Turan with his capital in Samarkand. The territory was vanquished by Uzbek Shaybanids in the sixteenth century, moving the focal point of intensity from Samarkand to Bukhara. The locale was part into three states: Khanate of Khiva, Khanate of Kokand, and Emirate of Bukhara. It was slowly joined into the Russian Empire amid the nineteenth century, with Tashkent turning into the political focal point of Russian Turkestan. In 1924, after national delimitation, the constituent republic of the Soviet Union known as the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic was made. Following the separation of the Soviet Union, it pronounced autonomy as the Republic of Uzbekistan on 31 August 1991. Uzbekistan has an assorted social legacy because of its storied history and vital area. Its first real authority language is Uzbek, a Turkic language written in the Latin letter set and spoken locally by roughly 85% of the populace. Russian has across the board use as a legislative language. Uzbeks comprise 81% of the populace, trailed by Russians (5.4%), Tajiks (4.0%), Kazakhs (3.0%), and others (6.5%). Muslims comprise 79% of the populace while 5% of the populace pursue Russian Orthodox Christianity, and 16% of the populace pursue different religions or are non-religious.

Tashkent is the capital and biggest city of Uzbekistan, just as the most populated city in ex-Soviet Central Asia with a populace in 2018 of 2,485,900. It is situated in the north-east of the nation near the Kazakhstan outskirt. Tashkent was affected by the Sogdian and Turkic societies in its initial history, before Islam in the eighth century AD. After its annihilation by Genghis Khan in 1219, the city was modified and benefitted from the Silk Road. From eighteenth to nineteenth century, the city turned into an autonomous city-state, before being re-vanquished by the Khanate of Kokand. In 1865, it tumbled to the Russian Empire, and turned into the capital of Russian Turkestan. In Soviet occasions, Tashkent saw significant development and statistic changes because of constrained expulsions from all through the Soviet Union. Tashkent holds a multi-ethnic populace, with ethnic Uzbeks as the dominant part.