Laos, authoritatively the Lao People's Democratic Republic, usually alluded to by its casual name of Muang Lao, is a communist state and the main landlocked nation in Southeast Asia. Situated at the core of the Indochinese promontory, Laos is circumscribed by Myanmar (Burma) and China toward the northwest, Vietnam toward the east, Cambodia toward the southwest, and Thailand toward the west and southwest. Present-day Laos follows its noteworthy and social personality to the kingdom of Lan Xang Hom Khao (Kingdom of a Million Elephants Under the White Parasol), which existed for four centuries as one of the biggest kingdoms in Southeast Asia. Because of Lan Xang's focal land area in Southeast Asia, the kingdom turned into a famous center for overland exchange, getting to be rich financially just as socially. After a time of inside clash, Lan Xang severed into three separate kingdoms—Luang Phrabang, Vientiane and Champasak. In 1893, it turned into a French protectorate, with the three domains joining to shape what is currently known as the nation of Laos. It quickly picked up freedom in 1945 after Japanese occupation, however was recolonised by France until it won self-governance in 1949. Laos ended up autonomous in 1953, with an established government under Sisavang Vong. Soon after freedom, a long thoughtful war started, which saw the socialist opposition, bolstered by the Soviet Union, battle against, first, the government and after that various military fascisms, upheld by the United States. After the Vietnam War finished in 1975, the Communist Pathet Lao development reached control, seeing the conclusion to the common war. Amid the primary long periods of Communist principle, Laos was reliant on military and financial guide bolstered by the Soviet Union until its disintegration in 1991.

Vientiane is the capital and biggest city of Laos, on the banks of the Mekong River close to the fringe with Thailand. Vientiane turned into the capital in 1563 because of fears of a Burmese attack however was later plundered at that point flattened to the ground in 1827 by the Siamese (Thai). Vientiane was the managerial capital amid French standard and, because of monetary development as of late, is presently the financial focal point of Laos. Vientiane is noted as the home of the most noteworthy national landmark in Laos: That Luang, which is a known image of Laos and a symbol of Buddhism in Laos. Other noteworthy Buddhist sanctuaries in Laos can be found there too, for example, Haw Phra Kaew, which once in the past housed the Emerald Buddha. The name of the city is gotten from Pali, the ritualistic language of Theravada Buddhism. Despite the fact that the first importance of the name of the city will be "city of sandalwood", as appeared antiquated Lao engravings, in current Lao the significance of the name Vientiane is uncertain.

Calophyllum inophyllum is an enormous evergreen plant, normally called tamanu, mastwood, shoreline calophyllum, or beautyleaf. It is local to tropical Asia and Wallacea. Because of its significance as a wellspring of timber for the conventional shipbuilding of enormous outrigger ships, it has been spread in ancient occasions by the relocations of the Austronesian people groups to the islands of Oceania and Madagascar, alongside different individuals from the class Calophyllum. It is additionally a wellspring of the socially significant tamanu oil. Calophyllum inophyllum is a low-stretching and moderate developing tree with a wide and sporadic crown. It for the most part achieves 8 to 20 m (26 to 66 ft) in stature. The blossom is 25 mm (0.98 in) wide and happens in racemose or paniculate inflorescences comprising of four to 15 blooms. The organic product (the ballnut) is a round, green drupe estimating 2 to 4 cm (0.79 to 1.57 in) in distance across and having a solitary enormous seed. Whenever ready, the organic product is wrinkled and its shading fluctuates from yellow to earthy red.

The Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus) is one of three surviving perceived subspecies of the Asian elephant and local to terrain Asia. All in all, Asian elephants are littler than African elephants and have the most noteworthy body point on the head. The tip of their trunk has one finger-like procedure. Their back is curved or level. Indian elephants achieve a shoulder stature of somewhere in the range of 2 and 3.5 m (6.6 and 11.5 ft), weigh somewhere in the range of 2,000 and 5,000 kg (4,400 and 11,000 lb), and have 19 sets of ribs. Their skin shading is lighter than of maximus with littler patches of depigmentation, however darker than of sumatranus. Females are normally littler than guys, and have short or no tusks. The biggest Indian elephant was 3.43 m (11.3 ft) high at the shoulder.