Croatia, authoritatively the Republic of Croatia, is a nation at the junction of Central and Southeast Europe, on the Adriatic Sea. It fringes Slovenia toward the northwest, Hungary toward the upper east, Serbia toward the east, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro toward the southeast, offering an oceanic outskirt to Italy. Its capital, Zagreb, frames one of the nation's essential subdivisions, alongside twenty regions. Croatia has a territory of 56,594 square kilometers (21,851 square miles) and a populace of 4.28 million, the greater part of whom are Roman Catholics. Occupied since the Paleolithic Age, the Croats touched base in the region in the sixth century and composed the domain into two duchies by the ninth century. Croatia was first globally perceived as a free state on 7 June 879 amid the rule of duke Branimir. Tomislav turned into the primary lord by 925, raising Croatia to the status of a kingdom, which held its sway for about two centuries. Amid the progression emergency after the Trpimirovic administration finished, Croatia entered an individual association with Hungary in 1102. In 1527, looked with Ottoman triumph, the Croatian Parliament chose Ferdinand I of Austria to the Croatian royal position. In October 1918, in the last long periods of World War I, the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, autonomous from Austria-Hungary, was broadcasted in Zagreb, and in December 1918 it was converged into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Following the Axis intrusion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, the vast majority of the Croatian domain was joined into the Nazi-supported customer state which prompted the advancement of an obstruction development and the production of the Federal State of Croatia which after the war become an establishing part and a government constituent of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. On 25 June 1991, Croatia announced autonomy, which came completely into impact on 8 October of that year. The Croatian War of Independence was battled effectively for a long time following the revelation. Croatia's economy is commanded by administration and modern segments and farming. The travel industry is a noteworthy wellspring of income, with Croatia positioned among the best 20 most famous vacationer goals on the planet.

Zagreb is the capital and the biggest city of Croatia. It is situated in the northwest of the nation, along the Sava stream, at the southern slants of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at a rise of around 122 m (400 ft) above ocean level. Zagreb is a city with a rich history dating from the Roman occasions to the present day. The most established settlement situated in the region of the city was the Roman Andautonia, in the present Šcitarjevo. The name "Zagreb" is recorded in 1134, in reference to the establishment of the settlement at Kaptol in 1094. Zagreb turned into a free regal town in 1242. Zagreb has extraordinary status as a Croatian authoritative division and is a united city-area (yet isolated from Zagreb County), and is officially subdivided into 17 city regions. The vast majority of them are at a low height along the waterway Sava valley, while northern and northeastern city regions, for example, Podsljeme and Sesvete locale are arranged in the lower regions of the Medvednica mountain, making the city's geological picture rather different. The city reaches out more than 30 kilometers (19 miles) east-west and around 20 kilometers (12 miles) north-south.

Iris croatica is a hairy rhizomatous types of iris (subgenus Iris) endemic to Croatia and Slovenia. It has expanded stems and dull violet blooms. Like different irises, it has 2 sets of petals, 3 substantial sepals (external petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inward, littler petals (or tepals), known as the 'models'. The guidelines are marginally paler than the falls, they have white veining on the throat. It has a facial hair which is whitish yellow, and the spathes are somewhat tinged with red-violet, similar to those of Iris aphylla. It develops for the most part in the forested areas of Downy Oak (Quercus pubescens) and Black Hophornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia) on dolomite and limestone soils.

The martens comprise the sort Martes inside the subfamily Guloninae, in the family Mustelidae. Martens are thin, light-footed creatures, adjusted to living in taigas, and are found in coniferous and northern deciduous woodlands over the Northern Hemisphere. They have ragged tails and huge paws with somewhat retractible paws. The hide shifts from yellowish to dull dark colored, contingent upon the species, and, much of the time, is esteemed by hide trappers. In the Middle Ages, marten pelts were exceedingly esteemed merchandise utilized as a type of installment in Slavonia, the Croatian Littoral, and Dalmatia. The banovac, a coin struck and utilized somewhere in the range of 1235 and 1384, incorporated the picture of a marten. This is one reason why the Croatian word for marten, kuna, is the name of the cutting edge Croatian cash. A marten is delineated on the front-side of the 1-, 2-, and 5-kuna coins, stamped since 1993, and on the switch of the 25-kuna memorial coins. A running marten is appeared on the crest of Slavonia and accordingly on the cutting edge structure of the crest of Croatia. The official seal of the Croatian Sabor (parliament) from 1497 until the late eighteenth century had a comparative plan.