Pakistan, formally the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a nation in South Asia. It is the world's 6th most crowded nation with a populace surpassing 212,742,631 individuals. In territory, it is the 33rd-biggest nation, traversing 881,913 square kilometers (340,509 square miles). Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometer (650-mile) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is flanked by India toward the east, Afghanistan toward the west, Iran toward the southwest, and China in the far upper east. It is isolated barely from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest, and furthermore shares an oceanic outskirt with Oman. The domain that presently comprises Pakistan was the site of a few old societies and entwined with the historical backdrop of the more extensive Indian subcontinent. The old history includes the Neolithic site of Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and was later home to kingdoms governed by individuals of various religions and societies, including Hindus, Indo-Greeks, Muslims, Turco-Mongols, Afghans and Sikhs. The zone has been controlled by various realms and lines, including the Persian Achaemenid Empire, Alexander III of Macedon, the Seleucid Empire, the Indian Maurya Empire, the Gupta Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Delhi Sultanate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Afghan Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire (incompletely) and, most as of late, the British Empire. Pakistan is the main nation to have been made for the sake of Islam. It is an ethnically and etymologically assorted nation, with a correspondingly differing geology and untamed life. At first a domain, Pakistan received a constitution in 1956, turning into an Islamic republic. An ethnic common war and Indian military intercession in 1971 brought about the severance of East Pakistan as the new nation of Bangladesh. It is an ethnically and phonetically different nation, with a comparably assorted geology and natural life. At first a territory, Pakistan received a constitution in 1956, turning into an Islamic republic. An ethnic common war and Indian military intercession in 1971 brought about the severance of East Pakistan as the new nation of Bangladesh. In 1973, Pakistan embraced another constitution which stipulated that all laws are to comply with the orders of Islam as set down in the Quran and Sunnah.

Islamabad is the capital city of Pakistan, and is governmentally regulated as a major aspect of the Islamabad Capital Territory. Worked as an arranged city during the 1960s to supplant Karachi as Pakistan's capital, Islamabad is noted for its elevated expectations of living, wellbeing, and plenteous greenery. Islamabad is the ninth biggest city in Pakistan, while the bigger Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan region is the nation's third biggest with a populace surpassing four million. Islamabad is situated in the Pothohar Plateau in the northeastern piece of the nation, between Rawalpindi District and the Margalla Hills National Park toward the north. The area has generally been a piece of the intersection of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with the Margalla Pass going about as the portal between the two locales.

Jasminum officinale, known as the basic jasmine or basically jasmine, is a types of blossoming plant in the olive family Oleaceae. It is otherwise called summer jasmine, writer's jasmine, white jasmine, genuine jasmine or jessamine, and is especially esteemed by cultivators all through the calm world for the extreme aroma of its blossoms in summer. Jasminum officinale is a lively, twining, brilliant, deciduous climber with forcefully pointed pinnate leaves and bunches of starry, unadulterated white blossoms in summer, which are the wellspring of its strong aroma.

The chukar partridge, or basically chukar (Alectoris chukar), additionally called Chukor, is an Eurasian upland gamebird in the fowl family Phasianidae. It has been considered to frame a superspecies complex alongside the stone partridge, Philby's partridge and Przevalski's partridge and treated in the past as conspecific especially with the first. This partridge has very much checked high contrast bars on the flanks and a dark band running from the temple over the eye and running down the head to frame a neckband that encases a white throat. The chukar is a hefty 32– 35 cm (13– 14 in) long partridge, with a light dark colored back, dim bosom, and buff midsection. The shades differ over the different populaces. The face is white with a dark gorget. It has rufous-streaked flanks, red legs and coral red bill. Genders are comparative, the female marginally littler in size and coming up short on the goad. The tail has 14 feathers, the third essential is the longest while the first is level with the fifth and 6th primaries.

The markhor, otherwise called the screw horn goat, is a vast types of wild goat that is found in northeastern Afghanistan, northern and focal Pakistan, Jammu and Kashmir, southern Tajikistan, eastern Turkmenistan, southern Uzbekistan and in the Himalayas. Markhor stand 65 to 115 centimeters (26 to 45 in) at the shoulder, 132 to 186 centimeters (52 to 73 in) long and weigh from 32 to 110 kilograms (71 to 243 lb). They have the most astounding greatest shoulder stature among the species in the variety Capra, yet is outperformed long and weight by the Siberian ibex. The coat is of a grizzled, light darker to dark shading, and is smooth and short in summer, while developing longer and thicker in winter. The hide of the lower legs is high contrast. Markhor are explicitly dimorphic, with guys having longer hair on the jawline, throat, chest and shanks. Females are redder in shading, with shorter hair, a short dark whiskers, and are maneless. Both genders have firmly twisted, corkscrew-like horns, which near one another at the head, yet spread upwards toward the tips. The horns of guys can grow up to 160 cm (63 in) long, and up to 25 cm (10 in) in females. The guys have a sharp smell, which outperforms that of the household goat.