Bulgaria, authoritatively the Republic of Bulgaria, is a nation in Southeast Europe. It is flanked by Romania toward the north, Serbia and North Macedonia toward the west, Greece and Turkey toward the south, and the Black Sea toward the east. The capital and biggest city is Sofia; other real urban communities are Plovdiv, Varna and Burgas. With a region of 110,994 square kilometers (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's sixteenth biggest nation. One of the most punctual social orders in the terrains of cutting edge Bulgaria was the Neolithic Karanovo culture, which goes back to 6,500 BC. In the sixth to third century BC the district was a battleground for Thracians, Persians, Celts and antiquated Macedonians; dependability came when the Roman Empire vanquished the area in AD 45. The Eastern Roman, or Byzantine, Empire lost a portion of these domains to an attacking Bulgar swarm in the late seventh century. The Bulgars established the First Bulgarian Empire in AD 681, which overwhelmed the vast majority of the Balkans and fundamentally affected Slavic societies by building up the Cyrillic content. This state went on until the mid eleventh century, when Byzantine ruler Basil II vanquished and destroyed it. An effective Bulgarian revolt in 1185 built up a Second Bulgarian Empire, which achieved its summit under Ivan Asen II (1218– 1241). After various depleting wars and primitive hardship, the Second Bulgarian Empire broke down in 1396 and its regions fell under Ottoman guideline for almost five centuries. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877– 78 brought about the development of the present Third Bulgarian State. Numerous ethnic Bulgarian populaces were left outside its outskirts, which prompted a few clashes with its neighbors and a collusion with Germany in both world wars. In 1946 Bulgaria turned into a one-party communist state and part of the Soviet-drove Eastern Bloc. The decision Communist Party surrendered its imposing business model on power after the insurgencies of 1989 and permitted multi-party races. Bulgaria at that point changed into a majority rules system and a market-based economy. Since embracing a just constitution in 1991, the sovereign state has been a unitary parliamentary republic with a high level of political, regulatory, and monetary centralisation.

Sofia is the capital and biggest city of Bulgaria. The city is at the foot of Vitosha Mountain in the western piece of the nation. Sofia has been a zone of human home since at any rate 7000 BC. Being in the focal point of the Balkan landmass, it is halfway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea, and nearest to the Aegean Sea. Being Bulgaria's primate city, Sofia is a main residence of a large number of the real nearby colleges, social organizations and business organizations. Sofia's advancement as a critical settlement owes a lot to its focal position in the Balkans. It is arranged in western Bulgaria, at the northern foot of the Vitosha mountain, in the Sofia Valley that is encompassed by the Balkan mountains toward the north. The valley has a normal height of 550 meters (1,800 ft). In contrast to most European capitals, Sofia does not have any extensive streams or scaffolds, yet is encompassed by nearly high mountains on all sides. Three mountain passes lead to the city, which have been key streets since relic, Vitosha being the watershed among Black and Aegean Seas. Various low waterways cross the city, including the Vladayska and the Perlovska. The Iskar River in its upper course streams close eastern Sofia. The city is known for its 49 mineral and warm springs. Counterfeit and dam lakes were worked in the twentieth century.

A rose is a woody lasting blooming plant of the sort Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the blossom it bears. There are more than three hundred species and a large number of cultivars. They structure a gathering of plants that can be erect bushes, climbing or trailing with stems that are regularly equipped with sharp prickles. Blooms shift fit as a fiddle and are typically expansive and garish, in hues going from white through yellows and reds. Most species are local to Asia, with littler numbers local to Europe, North America, and northwestern Africa. Species, cultivars and half and halves are for the most part generally developed for their excellence and frequently are fragrant. Roses have procured social noteworthiness in numerous social orders. Rose plants run in size from minimal, smaller than normal roses, to climbers that can achieve seven meters in stature. Various species hybridize effectively, and this has been utilized in the improvement of the wide scope of greenery enclosure roses.

The lion (Panthera leo) is an animal groups in the family Felidae; it is a strong, profound chested feline with a short, adjusted head, a diminished neck and round ears, and a shaggy tuft toward the finish of its tail. The lion is explicitly dimorphic; guys are bigger than females with an average weight scope of 150 to 250 kg (330 to 550 lb) for guys and 120 to 182 kg (265 to 400 lb) for females. Male lions have a conspicuous mane, which is the most unmistakable component of the species. A lion pride comprises of a couple of grown-up guys, related females and offspring. Gatherings of female lions commonly chase together, preying generally on substantial ungulates. The species is a pinnacle and cornerstone predator, despite the fact that they search when openings happen. Commonly, the lion occupies prairies and savannas however is missing in thick timberlands. It is normally more diurnal than other huge felines, yet when oppressed it adjusts to being dynamic during the evening and at dusk. In the Pleistocene, the lion went all through Eurasia, Africa and North America yet today it has been diminished to divided populaces in Sub-Saharan Africa and one fundamentally imperiled populace in western India. A standout amongst the most generally perceived creature images in human culture, the lion has been widely delineated in figures and artworks, on national banners, and in contemporary movies and writing. Lions have been kept in zoos since the season of the Roman Empire and have been a key animal varieties looked for presentation in zoological gardens over the world since the late eighteenth century. Social portrayals of lions were unmistakable in the Upper Paleolithic time frame; carvings and compositions from the Lascaux and Chauvet Caves in France have been dated to 17,000 years back, and delineations have happened in for all intents and purposes all old and medieval societies that matched with the lion's previous and current reaches. The lion's name, which is comparative in many Romance dialects, is gotten from Latin: leo.