India, otherwise called the Republic of India, is a nation in South Asia. It is the seventh biggest nation by region and with more than 1.3 billion individuals, it is the second most crowded nation just as the most crowded popular government on the planet. Limited by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land fringes with Pakistan toward the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan toward the upper east; and Bangladesh and Myanmar toward the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the region of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a sea outskirt with Thailand and Indonesia. The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the third thousand years BCE. In the next thousand years, the most established sacred writings related with Hinduism started to be created. Social stratification, in light of station, rose in the main thousand years BCE, and Buddhism and Jainism emerged. Early political combinations occurred under the Maurya and Gupta domains; later peninsular Middle Kingdoms impacted societies to the extent Southeast Asia. In the medieval period, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, and Sikhism rose, all adding to the locale's various culture. A significant part of the north tumbled to the Delhi Sultanate; the south was joined under the Vijayanagara Empire. The economy extended in the seventeenth century in the Mughal Empire. In the mid-eighteenth century, the subcontinent went under British East India Company rule, and in the mid-nineteenth under British Crown rule. A patriot development rose in the late nineteenth century, which later, under Mahatma Gandhi, was noted for peaceful opposition and prompted India's freedom in 1947.

New Delhi is a urban area of Delhi which fills in as the capital of India and seat of each of the three parts of the Government of India. The establishment stone of the city was laid by Emperor George V amid the Delhi Durbar of 1911. It was structured by British planners, Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. The new capital was introduced on 13 February 1931, by Viceroy and Governor-General of India Lord Irwin.

Nelumbo nucifera, otherwise called Indian lotus, consecrated lotus, bean of India, Egyptian bean or essentially lotus, is one of two surviving types of sea-going plant in the family Nelumbonaceae. It is regularly informally called a water lily. Under positive conditions the seeds of this sea-going enduring may stay suitable for a long time, with the most established recorded lotus germination being from that of seeds 1,300 years of age recouped from a dry lakebed in northeastern China. It has a wide local conveyance, running from focal and northern India (at elevations up to 1,400 m or 4,600 ft in the southern Himalayas), through northern Indochina and East Asia, with separated areas at the Caspian Sea. It has an extremely long history (c. 3,000 years) of being developed for its palatable seeds, and it is regularly developed in water gardens. The underlying foundations of lotus are planted in the dirt of the lake or stream base, while the leaves skim over the water surface or are held well above it. The blooms are generally found on thick stems rising a few centimeters over the leaves. The plant ordinarily grows up to a tallness of around 150 cm and a flat spread of up to 3 meters, yet some unconfirmed reports place the stature as high as more than 5 meters. The leaves might be as huge as 60 cm in breadth, while the ostentatious blooms can be up to 20 cm in distance across. An individual lotus can live for over a thousand years and has the uncommon capacity to restore into movement after stasis.

The Indian peafowl or blue peafowl (Pavo cristatus), a substantial and splendidly colored flying creature, is a types of peafowl local to South Asia, yet presented in numerous other pieces of the world. The male, or peacock, is prevalently blue with a fan-like peak of spatula-tipped wire-like feathers and is best known for the long train made up of stretched upper-tail undercover feathers which bear colorful eyespots. These hardened feathers are raised into a fan and trembled in a showcase amid romance. Regardless of the length and size of these clandestine feathers, peacocks are as yet fit for flight. Peahens come up short on the train, and have a greenish lower neck and more blunt dark colored plumage. The Indian peafowl lives mostly on the ground in open forest or ashore under development where they forage for berries, grains yet in addition go after snakes, reptiles, and little rodents. Their uproarious calls make them simple to identify, and in forest territories regularly show the nearness of a predator, for example, a tiger. They forage on the ground in little gatherings and more often than not endeavor to escape by walking through undergrowth and abstain from flying, however they fly into tall trees to perch.

The Bengal tiger is a Panthera tigris population in the Indian subcontinent. The tiger is estimated to be available in the Indian subcontinent since the Late Pleistocene, for about 12,000 to 16,500 years. The Bengal tiger's coat is yellow to light orange, with stripes ranging from dark brown to black; the tummy and the inside parts of the appendages are white, and the tail is orange with black rings. The white tiger is a latent mutant of the tiger, which is accounted for in the wild every now and then in Assam, Bengal, Bihar, and especially from the previous State of Rewa. Be that as it may, it is not to be mistaken as an event of albinism. In fact, there is just a single completely authenticated case of a genuine albino tiger, and none of black tigers, with the conceivable exemption of one dead example examined in Chittagong in 1846. Males have an average total length of 270 to 310 cm (110 to 120 in) including the tail, while females measure 240 to 265 cm (94 to 104 in) on average. The tail is typically 85 to 110 cm (33 to 43 in) long, and on average, tigers are 90 to 110 cm (35 to 43 in) in stature at the shoulders. The heaviness of males ranges from 180 to 258 kg (397 to 569 lb), while that of the females ranges from 100 to 160 kg (220 to 350 lb). The smallest recorded loads for Bengal tigers are from the Bangladesh Sundarbans, where adult females are 75 to 80 kg (165 to 176 lb). The tiger has exceptionally forceful teeth. Its canines are 7.5 to 10 cm (3.0 to 3.9 in) long and accordingly the longest among all cats. The greatest length of its skull is 332 to 376 mm (13.1 to 14.8 in).

The king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah), otherwise called the hamadryad, is a venomous snake animal categories in the family Elapidae, endemic to woodlands from India through Southeast Asia. It is the world's longest venomous snake. Grown-up ruler cobras are 3.18 to 4 m (10.4 to 13.1 ft) long. The longest realized individual estimated 5.85 m (19.2 ft). Notwithstanding "cobra" in its normal name, this species does not have a place with family Naja but rather is the sole individual from its own. It preys mostly on different snakes and incidentally on some different vertebrates, for example, reptiles and rodents. It is a hazardous snake that has a fearsome notoriety in its range, in spite of the fact that it ordinarily evades encounter with people when conceivable. The ruler cobra is an unmistakable image in the folklore and society customs of India, Sri Lanka and Myanmar. It is the national reptile of India.

The Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus) is one of three surviving perceived subspecies of the Asian elephant and local to terrain Asia. All in all, Asian elephants are littler than African elephants and have the most noteworthy body point on the head. The tip of their trunk has one finger-like procedure. Their back is curved or level. Indian elephants achieve a shoulder stature of somewhere in the range of 2 and 3.5 m (6.6 and 11.5 ft), weigh somewhere in the range of 2,000 and 5,000 kg (4,400 and 11,000 lb), and have 19 sets of ribs. Their skin shading is lighter than of maximus with littler patches of depigmentation, however darker than of sumatranus. Females are normally littler than guys, and have short or no tusks. The biggest Indian elephant was 3.43 m (11.3 ft) high at the shoulder.

The South Asian river dolphin (Platanista gangetica) is a jeopardized freshwater or river dolphin found in the district of South Asia which is part into two subspecies, the Ganges river dolphin (P. g. gangetica) and the Indus river dolphin (P. g. minor). The Ganges river dolphin is essentially found in the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers and their tributaries in Bangladesh, India and Nepal, while the Indus river dolphin is currently discovered just in the principle channel of the Indus River in Pakistan and dynamic channels associated with it between the Jinnah and Kotri floods just as in the Beas river in India. The South Asian river dolphin has the since quite a while ago, pointed nose normal for all river dolphins. Their teeth are noticeable in both the upper and lower jaws notwithstanding when the mouth is shut. The teeth of youthful creatures are just about an inch long, slim and bended; be that as it may, as creatures age, the teeth experience impressive changes and in develop grown-ups become square, hard, level circles. The nose thickens towards its end. Route and chasing are completed utilizing echolocation. They are one of a kind among cetaceans in that they swim on their sides. The body is a caramel shading and stocky at the center. The species has just a little, triangular knot in the spot of a dorsal blade. The flippers and tail are slight and expansive in connection to the body measure, which is around 2-2.2 meters in guys and 2.4-2.6 m in females. The most seasoned recorded creature was a 28-year-old male, 199 cm long. Develop females are bigger than guys. Sexual dimorphism is communicated after females reach around 150 cm (59 in); the female platform keeps on becoming after the male platform quits developing, in the end achieving roughly 20 cm (7.9 in) longer.